Attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control among civil servants in smoke-free governments of Ningbo City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control among civil servants in smoke-free governments of Ningbo City, so as to provide insights into the construction of smoke-free governments.@*Methods@#Ten governments were randomly sampled from city-level and county/district-level smoke-free governments in Ningbo City using a stratified random sampling method, and 10 civil servants were sampled from each government using a convenient sampling method. Participants' demographics, attitude and behaviors towards tobacco control and second-hand smoke exposure were collected using a self-designed questionnaire and descriptively analyzed.@*Results@# A total of 1 100 civil servants were recruited, including 466 men (42.36%) and had a mean age of (39.02±9.38) years. There were 1 005 participants favoring “civil servants should refuse smoking firstly” (91.36%), 1 058 participants favoring “governments should build a smoke-free environment firstly” (96.18%), 1 075 participants favoring “smoking should be completely banned in any indoor public places” (97.73%), 913 participants thinking that smoking should be completely banned in any indoor public places (83.00%) and 813 participants thinking that tobacco control regulations are implemented satisfactorily in their workplaces (73.91%). The overall prevalence of current smoking was 11.91% among participants, and the prevalence of current smoking was 28.11% among male participants. Among all current smokers, 84 attempted to quit smoking (64.12%), and 89 had willingness or plans to quit smoking (67.94%). The proportion of second-hand smoke exposure in workplaces was 40.97% among non-smokers in the past one week.@*Conclusions@# The civil servants in Ningbo City has correct awareness of smoke-free governments, active attitudes towards tobacco control and low prevalence of smoking. However, smoke-free regulations remain to be improved and long-term tobacco control mechanisms remain to be created in governments in Ningbo City

Prevalence of smoking among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze the prevalence of smoking among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021, so as to provide the scientific evidence for improving the tobacco control policy and evaluating the effectiveness of the tobacco control policy. @*Methods@#The permanent residents at ages of 15 to 69 years were recruited from 10 counties ( districts ) in Ningbo City using the stratified multistage random sampling method from 2018 to 2021, and subjects' demographic features, smoking and secondhand smoke exposure were collected using the National Questionnaire for Surveillance on Healthy Literacy and Tobacco Epidemic in Chinese Residents. All data were standardized to the Sixth National Population Census in 2010. The prevalence of smoking, smoking cessation and exposure to secondhand smoke and the trends for the prevalence were estimated among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021.@*Results@#A total of 6 581, 6 340, 6 380 and 6 400 valid questionnaires were recovered from 2018 to 2021, and the effective recovery rates were 99.20%, 97.46%, 97.76% and 98.02%, respectively. The respondents had male to female ratios of 1∶1.05, 1∶1.07, 1∶1.05 and 1∶1.14, and had urban-rural population ratios of 1∶0.75, 1∶0.62, 1∶0.60 and 1∶0.78 from 2018 to 2021, respectively. The prevalence of current smoking was 21.99%, 21.42%, 22.07% and 20.30%, and the standardized prevalence was 22.03%, 20.12%, 21.33% and 19.38% from 2018 to 2021, respectively, appearing no significant changing trend ( χ2trend=3.751, P=0.053 ). The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among rural residents than among urban residents, and higher in men than in women ( all P<0.05 ). The prevalence of smoking cessation was 24.44%, 27.11%, 26.97% and 29.59%, and the standardized prevalence was 21.96%, 26.90%, 24.92% and 28.38% from 2018 to 2021, appearing a tendency towards a rise ( χ2rend=11.193, P=0.001 ). The prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke was 52.40%, 50.18%, 48.99% and 44.58%, and the standardized prevalence was 54.08%, 51.45%, 49.95% and 46.76% from 2018 to 2021, showing a tendency towards a decline ( χ2rend=62.094, P<0.001 ) .@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of current smoking was approximately 20% among adults in Ningbo City from 2018 to 2021, with a tendency towards a decline in the prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke and a tendency towards a rise in the prevalence of smoking cessation. Rural male residents are key targets for tobacco control.

Clinical analysis of lasting remission of high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children after severe infection / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving lasting remission after severe infection.Methods:The data of 3 children with high-risk ALL who were treated in Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University in 2014, 2015 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of all patients were also analyzed, and the relevant literatures were reviewed.Results:All 3 children were clinically classified as high-risk ALL with severe infection. A variety of anti-infective drugs and blood products were used in the treatment, and all achieved lasting remission.Conclusions:Children with high-risk ALL after severe infection can acquire lasting remission, which may be related with the production of infection stimulating inflammatory factors and cytokines to activate certain immune pathways, or various kinds of antibiotics, blood products participating in the immune regulation to make the body regain the immune surveillance function of the tumor cells.

Visual analysis of research on multidrug-resistant bacteria in intensive care unit in China / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To identify the distribution of research hotspots and frontiers of multidrug-resistant bacteria in intensive care units in China through the method of visualization, and to predict future research directions, analyze the research development process, so as to provide reference basis for further research in this field.Methods:Studies related to multidrug-resistant bacteria in intensive care units published in China from 2000 to 2019 by CNKI were reviewed. According to the keywords by CiteSpace 5.6.R2, the co-occurring network was generated to analyze the distribution of research hotspots in this field. Meanwhile, the mutation map of keywords was used to forecast the future research directions to a certain extent.Results:A total of 1 324 articles were finally included in the quantitative analysis. From 2000 to 2019, the number of publications in the field of multi-drug resistant bacteria in intensive care units showed a gradual increase, of which the number of publications increased rapidly from 2008 to 2014 (the number of publications increased from 34 to 124 articles). In the initial stage of research, conceptual keywords appeared, such as intensive care unit, infection, pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance among others. A dense keywords group appeared from 2008 to 2014, which covered several aspects, such as nosocomial infection, Acinetobacter baumannii, pathogenic bacteria, drug resistance, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and nursing etc., suggesting that research in this field has entered a period of vigorous development. High-frequency keywords, such as risk factors, pathogens, antibiotics, nosocomial infections, drug resistance genes and homology appeared from 2015 to 2019, thus representing the hotspots in recent years. Conclusions:The overall research on multidrug-resistant bacteria in intensive care units in China has gradually improved. The current studies focus on homology analysis and multidrug-resistant bacteria infections, among other topics. Further explorations at the genetic level will be conducted to fill the research vacancy in this field and to provide molecular biological basis for reducing the occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the future.

Effects of siRNA interference with Nrf2 on the regulation of glutathione S-transferase and IL-1β in A549 cells exposed to hyperoxia / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) in A549 cells exposed to hyperoxia and cell apoptosis after siRNA interference with Nrf2.Method:Normal A549 cell lines were assigned into normoxia+siRNA group, normoxia+control group, hyperoxia+siRNA group and hyperoxia+control group according to whether siRNA interference was used and the exposure environment (normoxia/hyperoxia). The hyperoxia environment contained 95%O 2 and 5%CO 2. The levels of mRNA expression of Nrf2, GST and IL-1β were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Flow cytometry was used to examine cell apoptosis of the hyperoxia+control group and hyperoxia+siRNA group at different time points. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the relative gene expression and apoptosis of A549 cells. Result:(1) Compared with the normoxia+control group, the expression of Nrf2 and GST in the hyperoxia+control group was significantly increased ( P<0.05), and the expression of IL-1β was significantly decreased ( P<0.05); the expression of Nrf2 and GST in the normoxia+siRNA group decreased significantly ( P<0.05), while the expression of IL-1β increased significantly ( P<0.05). (2) Compared with the normoxia+siRNA group, Nrf2 expression in the hyperoxia+siRNA group showed no significant changes ( P=0.230), GST expression increased slightly ( P=0.057), and IL-1β expression decreased slightly ( P=0.112). (3) Compared with the hyperoxia+control group, the expression of Nrf2 and GST in the hyperoxia+siRNA group decreased significantly ( P<0.05), and the expression of IL-1β increased significantly ( P=0.042). (4) Compared with the hyperoxia+control group, the apoptosis of A549 cells in the hyperoxia+siRNA group increased significantly at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h ( P<0.05). Conclusion:After interfering with Nrf2, siRNA may regulate the expression of GST and IL-1β, preventing oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory response and inhibiting apoptosis.

The predictive value of NGAL and KIM-1 for acute kidney injury in neonates with severe asphyxia / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the early predictive value of urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipoprotein (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) for acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates with severe asphyxia.Method:From January 2019 to June 2020, neonates with severe asphyxia admitted to our hospital within 6 hours after birth were enrolled in the study. The dynamic changes of urine NGAL and KIM-1 at admission, 24 h, 48 h and 1 w after birth were examined. Neonates were assigned into AKI group and non-AKI group according to the clinical practice guidelines for AKI issued by KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome). The sensitivity and specificity of NGAL and KIM-1 predicting AKI at different time points were evaluated using ROC curve and area under curve (AUC).Result:According to the diagnostic criteria of neonatal AKI, 9 cases were in the AKI group and 42 cases in the non-AKI group, and the incidence of AKI was 17.6%. Urine NGAL was significantly increased in AKI group at admission and 24 h after birth compared with the non-AKI group [(115.6±75.5) ng/ml vs. (49.8±29.0) ng/ml, (90.7±35.6) ng/ml vs. (55.6±30.7) ng/ml] ( P<0.05). No significant differences existed at 48 h and 1 w after birth between the two groups. At 24 h after birth, urine KIM-1 in the AKI group was significantly higher than the non-AKI group [(808.3±555.3) pg/ml vs. (318.4±234.0) pg/ml, P<0.05] and no significant differences existed between the two groups at admission, 48 h and 1 w after birth. The AUC of NGAL predicting AKI at admission, 24 h, 48 h and 1w after birth were 0.804 (95% CI 0.573~1.000), 0.792 (95% CI 0.580~1.000), 0.732 (95% CI 0.517~0.947) and 0.551(95% CI 0.371~0.730), respectively. The AUC of KIM-1 predicted AKI at admission, 24 h, 48 h and 1 w after birth was 0.860 (95% CI 0.676~1.000), 0.824 (95% CI 0.655~0.993), 0.768 (95% CI 0.622~0.914), 0.622 (95% CI 0.392~0.852), respectively. Conclusion:At admission, 24 h and 48 h after birth, urine NGAL and KIM-1, as kidney injury markers, may predict the occurrence of AKI after severe neonatal asphyxia.

NEDD8-conjugating enzyme E2 UBE2F confers radiation resistance by protecting lung cancer cells from apoptosis / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Lung cancer, which is exacerbated by environmental pollution and tobacco use, has become the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with a five-year overall survival rate of only 19% (Siegel et al., 2020; Yang et al., 2020; Yu and Li, 2020). Nearly 85% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancers, of which lung adenocarcinoma is the most common subtype accounting for 50% of non-small cell lung cancer cases. At present, radiotherapy is the primary therapeutic modality for lung cancer at different stages, with significant prolongation of survival time (Hirsch et al., 2017; Bai et al., 2019; Shi et al., 2020). Irradiation can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the radiolysis reaction of water and oxygen, cause DNA damage and oxidative stress, and subsequently result in cancer cell death (Kim et al., 2019). Nevertheless, radioresistance seriously hinders the success of treatment for lung cancer, owing to local recurrence and distant metastasis (Huang et al., 2021). Compared with small cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer shows more tolerance to radiotherapy. Therefore, it is of great importance to decipher key mechanisms of radioresistance and identify effective molecular radiosensitizers to improve patient survival.

Health literacy and healthy city satisfaction of residents in Ningbo / 预防医学

Objective@#To understand the health literacy and healthy city satisfaction of residents in Ningbo,and to provide a basis for further development of healthy city .@*Methods@#The permanent residents aged 15 years old and above in six urban districts of Ningbo were selected by stratified multi-stage sampling and probability-proportionate-to-size sampling method. The health literacy and healthy city satisfaction of residents were surveyed by a self-designed questionnaire. Multivariate linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation between health literacy and healthy city satisfaction .@*Results@#A total of 3 300 people were investigated and 3 035 valid questionnaires were returned,with an effective rate of 91.97%. The scores of health literacy were 22.67±4.83 in males and 23.04±3.13 in females;the scores of healthy city satisfaction were 3.30±0.32 in males and 3.31±0.33 in females;there were no statistically significant differences in the scores above between genders（P>0.05）. The scores of health literacy were 25.65±4.14 in the residents aged 35-44 years and 20.34±3.54 in the residents aged 15-34 years;the scores of healthy city satisfaction were 3.16±0.32 in the former and 3.45±0.31 in the latter;the former scored higher in health literacy but lower in healthy city satisfaction than the latter （both P<0.05）. The scores of health literacy were 23.80±3.90 in the married residents and 18.94±3.22 in the single,divorced or widowed ones;the scores of healthy city satisfaction were 3.35±0.33 in the former and 3.22±0.32 in the latter;the former scored higher both in health literacy and healthy city satisfaction than the latter （both P<0.05）. The results of multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the higher the scores of health literacy,the higher the scores of healthy city satisfaction （β'=0.028,P<0.05） .@*Conclusion@#Improving health literacy of residents could improve their satisfaction with healthy city construction.

Heterogeneity of airway macrophage in different clinical phenotypes of COPD patients with frequent or infrequent exacerbations / 中南大学学报(医学版)

To compare the clinical features and the heterogeneity of macrophages in different clinical phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with frequent or infrequent exacerbations.
 Methods: Clinical characteristics of eighty COPD patients with chronic bronchitis (CB), emphysema (EM) or asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) phenotypes suffered from acute exacerbation were analyzed. The expressions of CCL3 and CD163 in sputum macrophages were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of HIF-1α and Cav-1 in sputum macrophages were detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR).
 Results: The age, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC), sputum bacteria positive rate, COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, and Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score between the patients with FE and iFE were significantly different (P0.05), while CD163 was slightly raised (P>0.05). Meanwhile, HIF-1α levels were slightly elevated (P>0.05), while Cav-1 expression was significantly increased (P0.05). At the same time, the expression of HIF-1α (P<0.01) and Cav-1(P<0.05) also increased significantly. There was a significant negative correlation between CCL3 and HIF-1α or Cav-1 in all FE and FE patients with CB phenotype. CD163 was only positively correlated with HIF-1α in those patients and FE patients with EM phenotype. There was a significant negative correlation between CCL3 and HIF-1α in FE patients with ACO phenotype, while CD163 was significantly positively correlated with HIF-1α.
 Conclusion: The clinical features of FE or iFE patients with CB, EM or ACO phenotype are different, and M2 in induced sputum from FE patients are dominant. HIF-1α may play a key role in the polarization process.

Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative treatment of type biliary dilatation in children / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical value of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the perioperative treatment of type Ⅰ (Todami,1975) biliary dilatation (BD) of children.Methods To retrospectively analyze the data of children with type Ⅰ BD who were treated in the General Surgery Department of Zhengzhou Children's Hospital from June 2014 to May 2018.A total of twenty children with type Ⅰ BD treated with ERAS and 20 children treated with the traditional method in our department were selected in this study using the random number table method.Postoperative indicators (including operation time,first defecation time,changes in amylase in blood and abdominal cavity exudates,length of hospital stay,and hospitalization fee) and relevant postoperative complications (including sore throat,nausea and vomiting,urethral pain,upper respiratory tract infection,incision wound infection,adhesive intestinal obstruction,anastomotic leakage and pancreatic fistula) of the ERAS group and the control group were compared.Results The first defecation time,length of hospital stay and hospitalization fee were significantly lower in the ERAS group than the control group (all P ＜ 0.05) [first defecation time (1.98 ± 0.25) d vs.(2.25 ± 0.31) d;length of hospital stay (6.91 ± 1.25) d vs.(9.95 ± 1.53) d;hospitalization fee (23.32 ± 2.25)thousand yuan vs.(25.99 ±3.10) thousand yuan].Moreover,the incidences of sore throat,nausea and vomiting,urethral pain and upper respiratory tract infection were significantly lower in the ERAS group than the control group (all P ＜ 0.05) [the incidences of sore throat (5.0％ vs.45.0％);the incidences of sickness and vomiting (5.0％ vs.30.0％);the incidences of urethral pain (5.0％ vs.45.0％);the incidences of upper respiratory tract infection (5.0％ vs.40.0％)].On the other hand,there were no significant differences in the mean operation times,changes in amylase levels in the blood or abdominal cavity exudates,incision wound infection,and incidences of adhesive intestinal obstruction,anastomotic leakage and pancreatic fistula (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions ERAS for type Ⅰ BD surgery was safe and reliable in children.It effectively promoted recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function and reduced the incidence of complications.

Clinical analysis of patients with pleural effusion of unknown causes examined by flexi-rigid thoracoscopy (25 cases) / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the value of flexi-rigid thoracoscopy in pleural effusion of unknown causes and the correlation with CEA, TK1 and ADA. Methods The clinical data and results of CEA, TK1 and ADA of 25 patients were retrospective analyzed in our department from 2015 January to November 2015. These patients accepted the examination of flexi-rigid thoracoscopy with pleural effusion of unknown causes. Results In the 25 patients with pleural effusion of unknown causes, definite diagnosis was made in 22 cases (88.00 %), of which 9 cases were malignant pleural effusion (36.00 %), 11 cases were tuberculous pleural effusion (44.00 %), 2 cases were inflammatory pleural effusion (8.00 %), 3 cases were undetermined (12.00 %). The positive rate of TK1 and CEA in malignant group was significantly higher than that in the tuberculosis group and inflammatory group, the positive rate of ADA in the tuberculosis group was significantly higher than that in the malignant group and inflammatory group. Conclusion Flexi-rigid medical thoracoscopy examination is an effective and safe method for diagnosis of unexplained pleural effusion with high exact diagnosis rate, less trauma and less complication. Combination with CEA, TK1 and ADA are helpful to improve diagnostic rate of pleural effusion of unknown causes.

Establishment of a Zuker diabetic fatty rat model of type II diabetic coronary heart disease / 中国实验动物学报

Objective The purpose of the present study was to develop an animal model of type II diabetic coro-nary heart disease in Zuker diabetic fatty ( ZDF) rats.Methods The ZDF rat model of type II diabetic coronary heart disease was prepared by high-fat diet feeding combined with continuous injection of isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO) in a dose of 1 mg· mL-1 for 10 consecutive days.Serum creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase izozyme (CK-MB), ST segment in electrocardiogram ( ECG) and myocardial pathological changes were detected to evaluate the rat model.Results CK of both the control and model groups was gradually increased with ISO injections, while CK-MB increased first and then decreased.The ST segment in ECG part II had significant changes.The pathological examination found that about half of the myocardial cross section in the model group was necrotic after injections of ISO for 5 days and more than 3/4 of the my-ocardial cross section was necrotic after injection of ISO for 10 days.The results indicated that ISO caused myocardial inju-ry in ZDF rats.Conclusions The variation of CK-MB, CK, ST segments in ECG and myocardial necrosis indicate that the model is successfully established.The use of high-fat diet combined with continuous injection of isoprenaline hydrochlo-ride in a dose of 1 mg· mL is a simple way to develop a Zuker diabetic fatty rat model of type II diabetic coronary heart dis-ease.

Prevalence and metabolic risk factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a middle-aged and elderly population in Guangzhou / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and understand the relationship between NAFLD and metabolic risk factors in middle-aged and elderly adults.Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 2 935 subjects in Guangzhou,Guangdong province.Face-to-face interviews and laboratory analyses were conducted to collect general information and other covariates.Analysis of covariance and logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate the relationship between metabolic factors and the prevalence of NAFLD.NAFLD was diagnosed based on standard criteria recommend by the Fatty Liver Disease and Alcoholic Liver Disease Branch of Chinese Hepatology Society,and the degree of steatosis was assessed (mild,moderate or severe).Results Compared with normal subjects,those with NAFLD had higher levels of WC,BMI,FPG,TG,SBP,DBP and greater prevalence of metabolic syndrome,but lower levels of physical activity and HDL-C.After adjusted for covariates,the OR for each standard deviation change was 2.70(95％CI:2.45-2.98) for WC,1.47(95％ CI:1.35-1.59) for SBP,1.48 (95％CI:1.37-1.60) for DBP,1.88 (95％CI:1.66-2.12) for TG,1.25 (95％ CI:1.15-1.36) for FPG and 0.51 (95％CI:0.47-0.56) for HDL-C (all P＜0.001).Higher levels of WC,BMI,TG,SBP,DBP and FPG were significantly related with the increase in degree of NAFLD (P-trend＜0.001).Conclusion There is a relatively high prevalence of NAFLD in middle-aged and elderly adults in China.NAFLD is closely related with the different forms of metabolic syndrome,and WC is the leading risk factor for NAFLD.

Clinical features of primitive neuroectodermal tumor in head and neck / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatments of primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) in head and neck.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A retrospective review of the medical records for the cases of PNET in head and neck from 2004 to 2014. General clinical information including diagnosis and treatments was obtained and analyzed. A literature review was also conducted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 5 cases diagnosed with PNET were included. Of 5 patients, one patient with lesion in the temporal field was treated with radical resection, followed by radiotherapy, and a 24-month follow-up showed no recurrence. Three patients presented with maxillary, infratemporal fossa or cheek invasion respectively, after diagnosed with pathological examination, one patient received preoperation radiotherapy plus radical resection and postoperative chemotherapy, and the lesions had no obvious progress with follow-up of 106 months; one patient was applied with preoperative chemotherapy plus extensive resection and postoperation radiotherapy, showed recurrence 15 months later, and was lost to follow-up; and another patient underwent chemotherapy plus radiotherapy and extensive resection, presented with pulmonary metastasis 5 months later, and died of brain metastasis within 25 months. One foreign patient presented with tumor involved submaxillary, mouth and tongue, the tumor was reduced obviously after chemotherapy, but he was lost to follow-up after getting home.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PNET in head and neck is rare and the clinical profile of PNET is the presence of occupying and compression. The pathology examination is an only way to confirm the diagnosis of PNET. The combination of excision, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is the treatment choice.</p>

Clinical features of thyroglossal duct carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OJECTIVE@#To analyze the cinicopathological features, treatments, and prognosis of patients with papillary TDCa.@*METHOD@#A retrospective study was conducted of the medical records of our hospital for cases of TDCa. General clinical information including diagnostic criteria and treatments was obtained and analyzed. A literature review was also conducted.@*RESULT@#There were 160 cases of thyroglossal duct anomalies hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital in the past 20 years, and TDCa was diagnosed in 3 (1. 88%) cases. All 3 cases underwent local radical resections, and papillary TDCa was diagnosed based on the pathology examination. Selective neck dissection was chosen in one which was confirmed with cervical lymphatic metastasis. All patients were followed up with no recurrences or metastasis.@*CONCLUSION@#The incidence of TDCa is very low and the pathology examination is the only way to confirm the diagnosis. Surgery, especially Sistrunk's procedure, is the treatment of choice, with low complications and recurrence. In the presence of cervical lymphadenopathy, selective neck dissection should be considered.

The Research Progress of Chinese Medicine Treatment of Pediatric RSV Infection / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective] The better optimization of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus, in the past five years is re-viewed in this paper, also the related domestic experimental research results, and according to the pathogenesis of RSV, it further summarizes the current domestic research for the main direction of the disease. [Methods] The article from the two aspects of compound Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine monomer, according to the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus section, discusses the experiment in vivo and in vitro related rich research results. [Results] It is found by inducing and summarizing, whether individual or compound traditional Chinese medicine, for respiratory syncytial virus re-search has made great achievement, but with experimental study limited to suppress the virus more value-added; replication and inhibiting inflammatory infiltrates the two big aspects, lacking of deeper side of molecular biology research, making the traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus research appear too single, not a broader recognition by the industry. [Conclusion] We need to be sure the safety of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus and curative effect, but at the same time must recognize that because of the complexity of its com-position and design of experiment of traditional Chinese medicine, the irrationality of the existence of many factors, it makes progress with many problems, so we must be aware of their own insufficiency, more in-depth explore its mechanism of action, with al kinds of research direction in the future for us.

Therapy for olfactory disorder associated with URTI along with nasal and accessory nasal diseases / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of intranasal jet nebulizing inhalation with budesonide suspension on 20 patients with olfactory disorder due to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) or nasal and accessory nasal diseases.@*METHOD@#We tested the twenty patients with upper respiratory infection, naso sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, olfactory cleft disease induced olfactory loss by medical history, physical examination, olfactory tests and medical imaging. Budesonide suspension doses of 1 mg daily was administered by means of intranasal nebulization for 15 days. Olfactory function was assessed by T&T Olfactometry and olfactory event-related potentials before and after treatment, and only T&T Olfactometry was used after every 5 times for inhalation of budesonide.@*RESULT@#Of the patients with olfactory disorder, olfactory function was recovered in 90% after the course of treatment, including cured in 25%, improved in 50%, and slightly improved in 15%. And apparent effect was observed to appeared mostly after nebulizing inhalation for 10 times.@*CONCLUSION@#The above findings suggest that intranasal nebulizing inhalation with budesonide may be an effective therapy in the treatment of URTI-related or nasal and accessory nasal diseases related olfactory disorder. It is worth using the therapy.

Clinical analysis of 28 patients with chronic rhino-sinusitis only characterized olfactory disorders / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyses the clinical characteristics of 28 chronic rhino-sinusitis patients only characterized olfactory disorders.@*METHOD@#Twenty-eight patients who have only olfactory disorder were diagnosed chronic rhino-sinusitis, among which 16 patients accepted intranasal budesonide for 15 days. All patients accepted CT scan, T&T test and olfactory event-related potentials test before and after treatment.@*RESULT@#(1) No difference was found between 21 patients ( 12 months) (P > 0.05), significant difference was found between maxillary sinus,ethmoid sinus and frontal sinus, sphenoid sinus in CT scan (P < 0.01). (2) Olfactory function improves after treatment (P < 0.01). Significant difference is found between 12 patients ( < or =12 months) and 4 patients (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#(1) Chronic rhino-sinusitis patients who have only olfactory disorder were found; (2) Intranasal budesonide treatment could improve olfactory functions of chronic rhino-sinusitis' patients.

Change of GFAP and NSE protein expression in brain of Alzheimer's disease model rats / 基础医学与临床

Objective To find out the difference in expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neuron-specific enolase in hippocampi and olfactory bulb of Alzheimer's disease rats,and the relationship between olfactory and Alzheimer's disease.Methods Adult rats,the expression of GFAP and NSE in hippocampi and olfactory bulb was measured by immuhistochemical after a single intracerebroventricular injection of ?-amyloid peptide,and change of these protein in olfactory.Results Comparing the hippocampi and olfactory of model and control,the expression of GFAP in model group increased evidently,the expression of NSE descended animals.Conclusion There is significant difference in olfactory system between Alzheimer's disease model and control group rats.

FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY CYTOLOGY IN THE DIAGMOSES OF THYROID DISEASE / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

One thousand (1000) Cases of various thyroid disease using Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytology, totally 1318 times are discussed in the article. The aocuracy of results is more than 90 percent in accord with the clinical diagnoses. The repeated consistency is more than 70 percent. The accuracy of result in accordance with the pathology examination after thyroid operation is 90 percent Therefore, Thyroid Fine-needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytology is simple, less suffering for patients and higher accurate diagnostic for the evaluation of thyroid disease.